Race

Stuart Hall highlighted in 1981 when he argued; "There is a grammar of race based on a traditional diet for the British Media that is based on the standard image of blackness being the social problem."


Malik 1998-Whiteness has been naturalized, as though it is an invisible ‘norm.’ When it is of course an ethnic group like any other. 

Regional Identity

Andrew Higson 1998- "Identity is generally understood to be the shared identity of naturalised inhabitants of a particular political-geographic space- this can be a particular nation or region."

Medhurst- "They are awful because they are not like us."

Colloquial Dialect- Way people speak/ phrases used in a certain region
e.g Cornwall 'Dreckly'
London 'Gezza' 'Apples and pairs'

Semantic Field: words grouped together to do with a certain region
E.g Texas- Horses, oil, cowboy hats, guns etc

Class Theory

Karl Marx-
The Marxist View-
The media is controlled by the ruling classes ( Social grades B and C) and use it to support their power.

Ruling media- white middle class straight men.

Medhurst 1997- They are awful because they are not like us.

Richard Butsch 1992- working class men in media portrayed as 'Incompetent and ineffectual, often a buffoon, well-intentioned but dumb. In almost all working-class series, the male is flawed, some more than others.
Example Homer Simpson. House run by Marge, Woman, demaculising Homer.

Gandal 2007- sentimental rags-to-riches story. Poor boy meets rich girl, poor girl meets rich boy, some sort of social ruin for them.